Moscow Lexical Typology group
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Нестандартные семантические переходы в типологической перспективе (Non-Standard Semantic Shifts in a Typological Perspective)
The Typology of Physical Qualities
The frame-based approach to the typology of qualities
The chapter outlines the goals of our project, points out the aspects that distinguish the vocabulary of qualities from other lexical domains, when viewed from a typological perspective, and introduces the methods of data collection and analysis we use in this project and in other related studies. It goes on to discuss the semantic parameters that motivate the lexical oppositions in various qualitative domains.
A matter of degree? The domain of wetness in a typological perspective
The article studies the domain of wetness in 20 languages. In many of them the domain features two main words (e.g. German nass, feucht; Mongolian nojton, čijgleg; Moksha načkə, l’et’kə) and the difference between them tends to be described in terms of degree, i.e. ‘intensely’ versus ‘slightly wet’. Typological analysis shows that in each case the degree of humidity receives a specific interpretation depending on the noun that is being modified, so that the choice of a particular synonym is based not simply on the quantity of the fluid, but on the situation as a whole (including the source of moisture, intentional versus non-intentional event, etc.). We also discuss the additional factors relevant to the domain in the languages that have more than two words in it, that is, the additional words with a positive or a negative connotation, or moisture from contact with a liquid versus moisture absorbed from humid air.
Глаголы прятания: типология систем (Verbs of hiding: A typology of systems)
The article examines the lexicalization of the semantic domain of hiding from a typological perspective.
Чистая типология: о лексикализации семантики чистоты в славянских языках (Pure typology: The Lexicalization of ‘pure’ and ‘clean’ in Slavic Languages)
Глаголы падения в языках мира: фреймы, параметры и типы систем (Verbs of falling in the languages of the world: frames, parameters, and types of the systems)
The article presents the results of a typological analysis of FALLING verbs performed on a sample of 42 languages.
Типология метафор падения (The metaphors of falling)
The paper discusses the metaphorical extensions of FALLING verbs, identified on a sample of 20 languages, including, besides several Standard Average European languages, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Aghul, Adyghe, Basque, and some other languages from different language families. The verbs under study are characterized by a wide range of figurative meanings, which are shown to be recurrent across languages, cf. the well-known pattern LESS IS DOWN, as well as the semantics of the onset of a season, transformation, surrender, lagging behind a group, and many others.
Как языку обойтись без глаголов падения: семантическое поле неконтролируемого перемещения вниз в агульском языке (Doing without verbs of falling: the semantic domain of uncontrolled downward motion in Aghul)
The article focuses on verbs expressing the semantics of uncontrolled downward motion in the Aghul language.